Cannot sign in with Google

Recently, I've been having a problem with signing in to things via my Google account – the problem being that I can't. Whenever I click on the "sign in with Google", it redirects me to the "accounts.google.com" page, prompting me to choose my account, but once I do, I get redirected to "accounts.google.com/gsi/transform", which is just a blank page with nothing in it (see image attached). I know this is not a problem with Google, as I have no problem signing in anywhere else. This happened to me once before, but the reason was one of my extensions, which for some reason interfered with the sign in; however, this time this solution does not work. I tried disabling every single one of my extensions, turning all kinds of protections in the settings on and off, deleting all cache for all relevant sites, but to no avail. I of course also tried looking this problem up on the internet, but whenever I found someone with this problem, the solution that worked for them was always just disabling an extension. Thank you for any answer.