Restore a backup of your Thunderbird profile you created prior to the 'Windows recovery'.

What kind of "recovery" was it? In particular, did Windows ask what you wanted done with your data?

Some kinds of Windows refresh/reinstalls will move your Thunderbird data to a new folder. Look for this:

C:\Windows.old\Users\old-username\

Do you have that? To get to your Thunderbird data in there, you'll need to enable viewing of hidden files and folders. This old article from Microsoft support might help: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/show-hidden-files

Then check out this article for more folder name information: Profiles - Where Thunderbird stores your messages and other user data

If/when you find your data, someone more familiar than I am with Thunderbird can assist in migrating that old profile data to your new installation of Thunderbird.